Public Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Finance - Essay ExampleIt would withal include governments initiative and legal foundations constituted for such programs. The second part would be dealing with the effect of such welfare payments and programs on the labour supply decisions, and the last part would consist of the stinting theory for explaining the effect of labour supply incentive of these companionable welfare programs, which is designed for the low income household. Empirical evidence would be also included to bear such viewpoints. In order to understand the concepts of welfare payments and its relation to labour supply, firstly one(a) needs to understand the concepts of welfare economics. Welfare economics utilises the perspectives and mapping of microeconomics, but the concepts can be exploited to derive macroeconomics assumptions. It assists in analysing and measuring social welfare, in terms of the economic society. The concept of welfare economics lays pull down welfare improvement framework in t erm of Pareto efficiency. The two conventional approaches in welfare economics are a) The New Welfare Economics Approach, and b) The classical Approach. Neoclassical approach was formulated by Marshall, Edgeworth, Pigou and Sidgwick. This theory assumes that gain is a scalable measure by judgement or observation. The preferences are stable and the additional consumption would increase the utility successively. This concept is also known as diminishing marginal utility. However, the new welfare economic theory is based on the studies of Parato, Kaldor and Hicks. This theory specifically explains the difference between the efficiency aspect and the distribution aspect of a discipline. The criteria of efficiency are treated with Paratos efficiency and the earnings tests of Hicks-Kaldor. The concepts of welfare economics would be included in the study to understand the concepts of social welfare. Let us understand it with the help of utility function, which can also be derived from points on the contact curve. So abundant utility functions can be derived from the production possibility curve, stated in figure 1. Figure 1 Figure 1 is a combined graph which would explain the efficiency between consumption and production and also include the ingredients of maximising social welfare. separately point on the curve represents the allocation of efficiency of the economic resources. It is Pareto optimum in the factor allocation, in consumption, in the interaction and in production. The curve MN represents a social utility frontier curve. Point D on the MN curve corresponds to Point C. Point D lies on the social utility frontier, as the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of C is equal to the MRS of A. Similarly Point B corresponds to point E and both of them lie within the social utility frontier, which signifies inefficiency. This is because the MRS at C is not equal to Marginal rate of transformation (MRT) at point A. Although this was Paretos way of presenting the points of efficiency, but there is one point where the social welfare has maximized and that point can also be called as the point of bliss. This point is Z, where the MN curve is tangent to the highest possible nonchalance curve. After discussing welfare economics through graphical representation, the basic concepts of providing welfare payments to the low income households, would be studied. The term welfare is used to denote minimum train of social support and wellbeing for all