Sheriffs Aims in Writing Journeys End :: R.C. Sheriff Journeys End Literature War Essays

Sheriffs Aims in Writing Journeys EndWhat were Sheriffs aims in writing Journeys End and how successfulwas he in achieving those aims?Drama has been with us since the times of the Greeks. It is verypopular among all age groups. The main aims of a playing period are toentertain and to provide a message to the interview. Romeo and Julietis one of the most popular dramas to date. It is a romantic tragedyand is greatly appreciated, even today. It was written by one of thegreats, Shakespeare, in the year 1595. The drama that we have indiscussion is set in the times of the World War 1. During World War 1,R C Sheriff was an officer in the tocopherol Surrey Regiment and was woundedin the battle of Passchendale in 1917. R C Sheriffs play JourneysEnd is based upon his real vitality experiences during the war reflecting the way he and his comrades lived and fought throughout thewar. The play was first performed in 1928, which is 10 years from theFirst World War. At this time, people were dis illusioned and were wee-wee to face the truth about war. In Journeys End, Sheriff presentsa realistic picture of life in the trenches as he had known it and aportrayal of the horrors of the War. This is an anti war story and itis trying to convey peace to the audience. As well as entertaining us,he provides a moral message of peace. There is also a personal touchto the play, as this is reality as seen by him. He manages to providea social and moral message. In order to reach these aims he usesliterary and dramatic features.Journeys End is set in 1918 when the German army was preparing amassive attack against the allies once again. It is in this desktopthat the play opens. The whole play takes place in the trenches. It isbasically the life of the soldiers in the trenches. The dug-out, wherethey spend their time when off-duty is a dark, enclosed structure.This heightens tension and also involves the audience in the events ofthe play.The characters are well etched to put forward She riffs aims. Thefocus is on the character of Stanhope, who shows varied emotions asthe play proceeds. He is portrayed as a brave company statementer out atfront but within him, he is falling apart. Professionally, he istrying to control and command the company but personally, he isshattered. Sheriff uses Stanhope as a protagonist to show the longterm effects of war on a person.

Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War Essay

Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold war subsequently World war II, atomic number 63 emerged as a continent torn between two very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the sum total of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to carry through the shore leave which had instructn so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve autonomy with the help of the Wests dedication to break the Soviet sphere of influence. After the disintegration of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense, inward, nationalistic struggle to break away from a superpower to a commitment of international unity and cooperation as nations began to take moral and political function for their actions. The alliance formed between the US and USSR during the second realness war was not strong enough to overcome the decades of unease which existed between the two ideologically polar opposite countries. With their German enemy defeated, the two emerging nuclear superpowers no longer had any common foothold on which to base a political, economical, or any former(a) type of relationship. Tensions ran high as the USSR sought to expand Soviet influence throughout Europe charm the US and another(prenominal) Western European nations made their opposition to such actions well known. The Eastern countries already under Soviet rule yearned for their independence, while the Western countries were willing to go to great lengths to limit Soviet expansion. Containment of world revolution became the watchword of American foreign policy throughout the 1950s a... ... and a special presentation on the Internal whole works of the Soviet System. This site provides an accurate representation of the Soviet System during the Cold War as seen by th e actual Soviet documents. Also, this site gives detailed development of pivitol moments during the Cold War era, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Berlin Wall gives a brief over-view of the Berlin Wall, its history and its fall. Provides many profitable interrelates to several other sites which offer a more in depth exploration of the circumstances surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is a vital link for gaining a more well-rounded understanding of the role of the seperation of East and West Germany and the Berlin Wall itself during the Cold War era. Crockatt, Richard. The fifty years war the United States and the Soviet Union in world politics, 1941-1991. London New York Routledge, 1995. Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War EssayAutonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold WarAfter World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn between two very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major supe rpowers, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to preserve the autonomy which had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve autonomy with the help of the Wests dedication to break the Soviet sphere of influence. After the disintegration of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense, inward, nationalistic struggle to break away from a superpower to a commitment of international unity and cooperation as nations began to take moral and political responsibility for their actions. The alliance formed between the US and USSR during the second world war was not strong enough to overcome the decades of uneasiness which existed between the two ideologically polar opposite countries. With their German enemy defeated, the two emerging nuclear superpowers no longer had any common ground on which to base a political, economical, or any other type of relationship. Tensions ran high as the USSR sought to expand Soviet influence throughout Europe while the US and other Western European nations made their opposition to such actions well known. The Eastern countries already under Soviet rule yearned for their independence, while the Western countries were willing to go to great lengths to limit Soviet expansion. Containment of world revolution became the watchword of American foreign policy throughout the 1950s a... ... and a special exhibit on the Internal Workings of the Soviet System. This site provides an accurate representation of the Soviet System during the Cold War as seen by the actual Soviet documents. Also, this site gives detailed information of pivitol moments during the Cold War era, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Berlin Wall gives a brief over-view of the Berlin Wall, its history and its fall. Provides many useful links to several other sites which offer a more in depth exploration of the circumstances surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. This is a vital link for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the seperation of East and West Germany and the Berlin Wall itself during the Cold War era. Crockatt, Richard. The fifty years war the United States and the Soviet Union in world politics, 1941-1991. London New York Routledge, 1995.

The Role of Social Class and Society Essay -- Literary Analysis

Since the beginning of time, social anatomy and race occupy been paramount in society. Back in the time of caveman, roles and traditions were passed down ground on gender. The man was responsible for protection and collecting food while women were responsible for cooking and keeping house. That belief has traversed time and slowly changes with each era. nevertheless throughout history, men and women have lived with preconceived nonions of their duties to their families. These notions have been passed down generations and have affected how people live within their society. In the novel Like weewee for Chocolate, social class is revered in the story of the De la Garza family. As we see through the personal journey of Tita, the main character, these distinctions are evident. band in the time of the Mexican rotationary War, the De la Garza family consisted of Mama Elena and her three little girls. The most significant, conduct-changing activities women carried out in th e Revolution at the outset were related to their families (Monk). The oldest daughter was Rosaura, followed by Gertrudis and then the youngest, Tita. Titas father had died shortly after Titas birth. They lived on a self-serving farm where all members were expected to help. Each female had chores that were to be completed without complaint. heretofore though the fictional story revolves around recipes, other gender based ideals are revealed. These activities were no longer carried out at heart four walls, causing family selection to become essential (Monk).The first tradition mentioned in Like Water for Chocolate was the role of the youngest daughter as pertains to her future. These women were not allowed to marry. Their duty in their life was to care for the mother as ... ...mentsin 1776. Map of General Washingtons Battle Engagements in 1776. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. .Guidotti-Hernndez, Nicole M. National Appropriations Yaqui Autonomu, The Centennial Of The Mexican Revolution And The Bicentennial Of The Mexican Nation. Latin Americanist 55.1 (2011) 69-92. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Apr. 2012.In the Garden of Eden Pathways. Pathways. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. .Monk, Heather Dashner. Notes On Mexican Women Then And straight Reflections On A Revolution. Against The latest 25.4 (2010) 20-24. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Apr. 2012Nibbles - Family Stress. University of Illinois Extension-Urban Programs Resource Network. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. . The Role of Social Class and Society Essay -- Literary synopsisSince the beginning of time, social class and race have been paramount in society. Back in the time of caveman, roles and traditions were passed down based on gender. The man was responsible for protection and collecting food while women were responsible for cooking and keeping house. That belief has traversed time and slowly changes with each era. But throughout history, men and women have lived with preconceived notions of th eir duties to their families. These notions have been passed down generations and have affected how people live within their society. In the novel Like Water for Chocolate, social class is revered in the story of the De la Garza family. As we see through the personal journey of Tita, the main character, these distinctions are evident.Set in the time of the Mexican Revolutionary War, the De la Garza family consisted of Mama Elena and her three daughters. The most significant, life-changing activities women carried out in the Revolution at the outset were related to their families (Monk). The oldest daughter was Rosaura, followed by Gertrudis and then the youngest, Tita. Titas father had died shortly after Titas birth. They lived on a self-serving farm where all members were expected to help. Each female had chores that were to be completed without complaint. Even though the fictional story revolves around recipes, other gender based ideals are revealed. These activities we re no longer carried out inside four walls, causing family survival to become essential (Monk).The first tradition mentioned in Like Water for Chocolate was the role of the youngest daughter as pertains to her future. These women were not allowed to marry. Their duty in their life was to care for the mother as ... ...mentsin 1776. Map of General Washingtons Battle Engagements in 1776. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. .Guidotti-Hernndez, Nicole M. National Appropriations Yaqui Autonomu, The Centennial Of The Mexican Revolution And The Bicentennial Of The Mexican Nation. Latin Americanist 55.1 (2011) 69-92. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Apr. 2012.In the Garden of Eden Pathways. Pathways. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. .Monk, Heather Dashner. Notes On Mexican Women Then And Now Reflections On A Revolution. Against The Current 25.4 (2010) 20-24. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Apr. 2012Nibbles - Family Stress. University of Illinois Extension-Urban Programs Resource Network. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. .

MIS PROJECT :: essays research papers

CONFIDENTIALMIchigan Supply Inc.Information Systems Initial Plan for Year 2005-20008CONTEXTMIchigan Supply Inc. (MIS Inc.) is a privately-held automotive split supplier of a variety of products such as electronics, solenoids, wiring and fuel components. The company is currently located in Rochester Hills, Michigan.INITIAL COMPUTER SYSTEMSMIS is currently disordered into 5 departments Manufacturing and Production with engineers, machine workers and production managers Finance and Accounting with accounts Human Resources with human resources staff Sales and Marketing with salespeople, sales managers, customer service representatives and pep pill Management with secretaries and executives.Required systems and job FunctionsEach department has its required systems and different job functions which as listed belowoManufacturing and Production information systems Machine work system to control the actions of machines and equipmentProduction planning system to decide when and how many p roducts should be producedFacilities location system to decide where to locate new production facilities pictural system for engineers to design or improve productsoFinance and Accounting information systems Accounts receivable system to track money owed the firmBudgeting system to germinate short-term budgetsProfit planning system to plan long-term profitsoHuman Resources information systems Training and development system to track employee training, skills, and operation appraisalsCompensation analysis system to monitors the range and distribution of employee wages, salaries, and benefitsHuman resources planning system to plan the long-term labor force needs of the organizationoSales and Marketing information systemsOrder processing system to enter, process, and track ordersPricing analysis system to determine prices for products and runSales trend anticipate system to prepare 5-year sales forecastsoUpper Management information systemsExecutive support systems to address non-r outine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight and to filter, compress, track display critical info of greatest importance to executives.Equipment and configurationCurrently MIS has 12 machine workers so we need at least 35 workstations. Initially there should be a black and white printer for each of 5 departments and color printers available for engineers, executives and salespeople. Required server services include email, file storage, printing, disdain functionality and battery backup system. In addition to the 4 laptops executives currently have, 5 more should be purchased for salespeople for mobility.Equipment to be purchased should be the latest models which are capable of providing the 3 years of services and growth. Fig. 1 shows the company infrastructure configuration.We expect to have 50k to spend on 35 workstations ordered from Dell, 10k on 8 printers from Hewlett-Packard, 200k on server equipment, which should cover the be of battery backup network switc hes, servers, tape storage device, serve/workstation software licensing, and 10k on 5 Toshiba laptops for salespeople.

Feudalism in Form :: Economics Economy Essays

Feudalism in FormEnvironmental enslavement? governmental capitalism? Working-class feudalism? In a complex world it is often impossible to label any one system with certainty, economic or otherwise. So the question arises of how does one explain past events and phenomenon without getting bogged down in the ensuing details? It be keep downs a matter of perspective- acknowledging that each individual or group sees certain events in a specific way, and that it takes multiple versions of a story to build a picture that might more fully wreak the bigger picture.This explains how one film describing the economic events in a small town in Virginia in the 1920s can be riddled with questions and able to take fire explosive debates. Matewan was a small town in the hills of Virginia. The town itself was composed largely of native-born citizens, immigrant groups and racial groups from varied backgrounds. However, one thing common to just about all citizens was the fact that their survival dep ended on the Stone Mountain Coal Company for which the men worked. From the first day of employment these individuals and families became dependent upon the follow with no other possible alternatives. The first step the company took to ensure the economic feudalism of its workers was to indebt these workers to the company from the start. The workers were charged for all of their tools (picks, axes, head lamps, etc.) as well as any goods they might have needed for immediate survival (food, clothing) and long-term survival (shelter). This list of goods most likely carried exorbitant price tags, making it nearly impossible to ever own any of the goods loaned from the company and therefore accumulate any type of capital. This indebtedness also maintained employment, despite hazardous conditions (collapsing mines, coal spread in ones lungs) that could lead to premature death. One could hardly quit from Stone Mountain Coal, for all the resources necessary for ones survival would be take n back, and all debts to the company would have to be repaid- an impossibility due to the extremely low wages paid. If one tried to run away then one would be considered a criminal and a warrant for ones arrest could be issued. Also the remoteness of the town made this an unlikely senario, where would one run to considering they had more than likely come by train? Lastly without the knowledge of how to survive by oneself in the woods one could not join the people who lived off the land in the woods.

A Role of the Women Essays -- Literary Analysis, A Raisin In the Sun

The Role of a WomanIn a Raisin in the cheer is a childs play about a family that lives on the South side of Chicago, a section of the city Hansberry once described as a place apart, where from each one piece of our living is a protest . After the death of Walter Young (Big Walter), his wife, Lena (Mama), is the beneficiary of a $10,000 insurance policy. The money will be used to stomach for the familys future. Race, race relation and big Walters insurance money supply the thematic context for Hansberrys play but the Younger family is, essentially, search for its place within American society. Hansberry once pointed out that even a Negro family has many gradations as we see in a Raisin in the Sun the women portray the progression women have had from one generation to the next.Mama is prominent traditional morose feminist role. Park stated that a very steadfast and pervasive young-bearing(prenominal) culture has survived within black communities, but its role has been disgui sed by negative matriarchy arguments of white and black men (4).The black mother situates black feminism in the place where it is ordinarily and traditionally practiced by black women in the home. While part of the mainstream, academic feminist agenda has dermphasized mothering as an important part of womens lives, to do so with black women would be to dismiss a traditional locus of black female power. Parks stated that in a Raisin in the Sun Niara Sudarkasa produced a body of a thropological work which presents the female centered household as the Afrocentrically traditional form (5).Parks stated that the full bodied and strong, she is one, of those women of a certain grace and beauty who wear it so unobtrusively that it takes a while to notice . world a woman who has adju... ...e side hustles, the postmodern equivalent of Ruth laundry service, operated out of the home. The black womens role in the physical survival and is reaping for her sake and her familys sake (6). Ruth rol e is a house wife trying to stand by her husband side.In a Raisin in the Sun the three women plays an important part of the play. Each woman repents a different kind of generation. Mama repents the old fashion kind of women black in her days well on the other hands Beneatha repents the new women. Well is just in the middle of Mama and Beneatha so that would make Ruth a combination of both. As we see in a Raisin in the Sun the women portray the progression women have had from one generation to the next. The women in a Raisin in the Sun have a lot of new, old and in the middle kind of women that portray the progression from generation to generation.

The family must be patient in waiting

Addiction is a grave dilemma that cannot be ignored. The more the addiction is denied, the more problem it poses not only to the addict hardly to the family as well. Counselling is one possible solution on how to approach problems such as addiction. However, in counselling, patience is requested.The family must be patient in wait for the slow but sure change that comes with counselling and also patience for the addicted family member. It will take some time for counselling to take force and it is a continuous process. Counselling is defined collectively as a process of exploring an individuals life that pertains to the problems causing emotional pain or frustrations while focusing on improving his or her psychological well-being in such a way that the invitee will be fitting to reach their full potential after the program.An alcohol and medicate proponent deals with the issues that could have cause the addiction for the individual. Before the actual counselling begins, the c ounsellor has to be sufficient to gather apt and suffice data and information regarding the past and the present condition of the individual that needs counselling.Assessment or getting the land data from the client for treatment is one of the methods used in counselling. Upon entry into the program, a safe and trusting environment has to be established and then determining the problem to be worked on follows. In determination of this problem, counselling has to involve assessment.Assessment involves gathering pertinent information and data ab reveal the client. Some methods that counsellors use for assessment include soft techniques, testing, behavioural evaluation and checking of past records, among many others.The data gathered by the counsellor is then interpreted to be able to formulate a meditation or a diagnosis regarding the clients condition. However, assessment is not just a one-time affair. Assessment should be progressive and all through out the program to ensure tha t there has been an improvement in the client. Because counselling is continuous, so is the assessing of the client.This can be of help to the treatment because whatever the client is feeling as of the moment may change throughout the course of the counselling. The objectives that the client has agreed to meet upon today may have to be changed as the days go by either because of progress or by retreat. In addition, there might be new problems that emerged as a result of the few remedy sessions that took place already or there might be fewer problems than when the first assessment occurred.As aforementioned, the assessment of the client can also be used as a basis for progress. Another helpful tool in assessing the client is collecting and examining the clients past records. This is because when only the client is oppugn and assessed, he or she may not be aware of the past problems or issues that he or she was suffering from and in turn may encompass this from the present counsell ing.In addition, these records may be able to assist the current counsellor on what the preceding treatments done to the client were not able to work, so that the counsellor would not invest time and effort in it. In addiction counselling, the vital assessment tools that are to be conducted on a regular basis are the urinalysis and breath analyzer tests, in addition to the self-reports addictive behaviour.The Addiction Severity Index or the ASI, is an interview that quantifies the seven addiction-related areas which are drug and alcohol use, medical, family/social, psychiatric, legal, and employment/support troubles.As soon as the counsellor has figured out what his actions or be afters are, the client can now be engaged in the program. It is important that the counsellor and the client have some sort of contract or even a verbal agreement on what they both plan to achieve at the end of the treatment program. By doing so, the commitment and the expectations are both laid out in th e open.Once the goal has been identified and the client and counsellor agreement is committed into achieving it or least trying to, an exploration process is started upon by the counsellor.The counsellor will explore on the different approaches that he or she can take to attack the problem presented in front of him or her. There are a lot of solutions and interventions that the counsellor can implement but he or she should be careful in choosing it.The factors that he or she should consider would be the ones that he or she was able to find out from the previous assessment that he or she made. Sometimes, to get a second opinion, the counsellor can also seek for a brainstorming session with his or her colleagues, albeit the identity element of the client is not freely shared for confidentiality purposes.When the exploration process is done and the counsellor has devised an approach on the problem, he can now choose from the solutions on hand. However, choosing one method or one solut ion now does not mean that he cannot alter this in the process. Tweaking the approach per clients need may be necessary, but it will always be the call of the counsellor to do such a move.

Japanese Culture and Politics Essay

The historical emergence of Shintoistististic cannot be separated from the entire business relationship of Japanese religion, culture and politics holding the Japanese mentality to the path of creative progress and versatility of self- phylogenesis. From the fate of the Emperors courts in incompatible eras, with the cash advance and fall of other religious orders such as the Buddhist groups and the overall destiny of the nation, the fate of Shinto is intertwined in every aspect. Shinto had already started to nigh 300 B. C. E. and was considered as the most significant religion in Japan.In reality, there is no specific dates nor enough data or hard demonstrate of Shintos origins, as such, it may trace back even before the 300 B. C. E. Just like Shintos origins, the origins of civilization on the Japanese islands remain cloudy. Various communities gathered together during the Stone Age. As early as the 300s and 200s B. C. E. , tightly knit societies were appearing, but the mou ntainous terrain of the home islands kept settlements relatively isolated. Although Shinto tradition traces the ancestry of the Japanese imperial family back to the 600s B. C. E., there is no evidence of an organized Japanese government before the 300s or 400s C. E. Body The history of Shinto is connected to the training of growth of states.The first imperial state was ruled by the Yamato family, starting in the 300s or 400s C. E. From the start, the Shinto religion- which remained important even after the arrival of new faiths like Buddhism- legitimated the emperors, declaring them descendants of the sun goddess. The Yamato initially ruled from Nara, which, until the late 700s, serves as Japans capital. During the Nara plosive (ca. 300-794 C. E. ), the foundations of the Japanese nation were laid.Japan also came into contact with Korea and China. The Chinese had a tremendous influence on the development of Japanese art, architecture, literature and religion. It was from China an d done Korea that, in 522 Buddhism arrived in Japan (McCannon 2006). However, Shinto was already dandyly present in early Japan, as such, they were able to develop their own state different from that of China Shinto has been considered to be the creative spirit, and on the contrary, as a firmly fixed source of nationalism in Japan. Although the roles need not be incompatible, the question draws attention to two faces of Shinto.There are folk origins as well as cults encouraged by governments, and these have not always coexisted harmoniously. During the development of State Shinto, the conflict and peace reaches its peak. The Meiji current government, in the interests of manipulating Shinto as a state ideology, was prepared to sacrifice the entire popular spirituality of Shinto to the extent of suppressing shrines and removing kami from communities. This underlines the dual origins of Shinto and the ways in which local and national interests have not always been harmonized.The aug ust status of the Grand Shrines of Ise, the Amaterasu big(p)ly shows how Shinto had affected the peoples respect towards the Imperial tradition (Picken, 1994). Shinto religion became the core of some social classes and basis for economy, traditions and customs. During the time when sengoku daimyo and the three great unifiers were struggling for political supremacy, they adopted and utilized various methods with varying degrees of success to overcome basic administrative difficulties. Sengoku daimyo and the national hegemons encountered difficulty in bringing the commercial-grade-grade segments of the society under their control.The existence of a growing national market in central Japan where most of the large scale transactions involving goods from the remote provinces were conducted in the sixteenth century and which remained relatively free of any political control during much of that century, did not permit the sengoku daimyo and the national hegemons to regulate the growing commercial activities to their advantages (Hall et. al. 1983). Through Shinto, the society was divided into classes, where many sengoku daimyo introduced the system of rule by law to strengthen their authority in their respective domains.Also, by focusing on Shinto religion, sengoku daimyo was able to have the absolute inscription of its subordinates, discouraging localized or scattered loyalties. Moreover, early believers of Shinto greatly respected animals. They believed that these are idols messengers and because of these, the early Japanese created statues such as Koma-inu on their temple grounds. Japanese culture also flourished with ceremonies correlated to the practice of Shinto and some of these complicate cleansing, prayers and dances greatly attributed to Kami.In addition to this, they also practiced Kagura, a dance perfected by its performers with an accompaniment of ancient musical instruments (Robinson 1995). Conclusion The historical development of Shinto cannot be separated from the entire history of Japanese religion, culture and politics holding the Japanese mentality to the path of creative progress and versatility of self-development. From the development or origins of Shinto, the states of early Japanese period came into realization.State Shinto is one of the great examples of the states created using Shinto as its foundation. Aside from its states, the rulers of state before the Tokugawa period were chosen with the blessings of the gods of Shinto. The divine providence given to these rulers strengthened their power over their subordinates. Just like the power of the sengoku daimyo during the Warring period. They were able to obtain absolute loyalty from their subordinates and the other classes. Shinto did not only create Japans early states and leaders, but also molded its culture, customs and traditions.Early beliefs on Shinto gave life to the Japanese society, illuminating it with dances and ceremonies. As a whole, early Japanese cul ture and politics developed its own identity becoming one of the countries with great sense of nationalism because of Shinto. Works Cited Hall, John Whitney, Nagahara Keiji, and Kozo Yamamura. Japan before Tokugawa Political Consolidation and Economic Growth, 1500 to 1650. Public Affairs 53. 2 (Summer 1983) 332-34. McCannon, John. Barrons How to Prepare for the Ap conception History Advanced Placement. New York Barrons Educational Series, Inc. , 2006.

Product Mix and New Product Development Strategies Essay

The Coca-Cola versus Pepsi competition is perhaps the most well known rivalry in the history of securities industrying. ascorbic acid has coherent enjoyed the home field advantage, having decease entrenched as the most popular and identifi qualified cola throughout the world. Although it has carved itself a substantial portion of the market, Pepsi has struggled to represent the sales revenue of Coca-Cola until recently. Although Pepsi has never come close to equaling Coke cola market sh atomic number 18, they have become more aggressive and adept than Coke in cornering the non-carbonated beverage market. It is in this market that Pepsi is seeking to obtain a embodyable competitive advantage all over Coke.It their quest to acquire and develop current results, lead the use of the PTSTP method help Pepsi develop modern products in order to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage?A product is delineate in three levels core, actual, and augmented. The core of the product is the benefit it offers the consumer. For the example of colas, it could be refreshment, energy (sugar and caffeine), alertness, or just pleasure. The soda itself is the actual product. The augmented product for a cola could be the recognition and status gains perceived by drinking that particular brand. Or it could even be the weight loss from sticking to regimen colas.For the development of new products, we first need to identify what consists of a new product. There ar six categories of new products1.New-To-The-World. This is a product that has no same(p) product offered elsewhere. For example, when the first personal computer was offered to the public, this would be a new product.2.New Product epithelial ducts. This is when similar products exist, possibly even under the same brand, alone a new line of the product offers some tangible difference to those products already offered. For example, offering diet colas in addition to regular colas under the same brand.3.Product Lin e Additions. This is the addition of a product that is directly colligate to one offered. For example, offering Vanilla Coke for sale alongside Coke.4.Improvements/Revisions. This is a product which has already been offered,but some change or revision has been made to the products properties. For example New Coke, or anything labeled new and improved.5.Repositioned Products. The same product offered in a new market or directed towards a new target market. For example Pepsi bringing Sabritas chips into the US to target the Hispanic market.6.Lower-Priced Products. This is simply reducing the price of an be product to stimulate sales.New products affect the product mix of a company. Product mix is generally defined as the total composite of products offered by a particular organization. The product mix includes both individual products and product lines. A product line is a group of products which atomic number 18 closely related by function, customer base, distribution, or price ra nge. To use Pepsi as an example, Pepsis product mix includes beverages and potato chips. The beverage product line consists of carbonated, non-carbonated, and water. Pepsi, Gatorade, and Aquafina all are individual products.PTSTP is a mnemonic for the five step process underlying come in Marketing and Positioning. The five steps are as follows1.Identify competitive Products.2.Define the Target market.3.Determine the basis for Segmentation.4.Determine if any Target markets are underserved.5.Develop a Product for the underserved market.By using this method, a company poop identify a gap in a particular market segment. This gap may be present because there is no product to fill it, or because the current product is orbit the end of its life-cycle, thus creating an chance for new growth. To answer the previous question, we will contrast the PTSTP method to Coca-Cola and Pespis development of the non-carbonated beverage market.Pepsi has continually struggled to match Cokes market ha ndle in colas and other carbonated beverages. Coke enjoys a 44% slice of the market compared to Pepsis 32%. During their 108 year rivalry, Pepsi has never come close to selling as much soda as Coke. Much of this is due to Cokes brand recognition. Although in 2006 Pepsi, for the first time, bother Coke in beverages sold. This was due to Pepsis embracement of the non-carbonated beverage market, where it led the market with a 24% share over Cokes 16%. Pepsi was able to recognize and take advantage of the growing non-carbonized market much earlier than Coca-Cola.Although cola sales have recently stagnated to less than 1% growth, non-carbonated beverages grew 8% in 2004. Much of the failure of Coke to expand into this market can be traced back to the stubbornness of Coke executives to expand beyond the soda market. Coke had an opportunity to acquire Quaker Oats in the 1990s, but passed on the opportunity. Instead, Pepsi acquired Quaker Oats in 2001. Among Quaker Oats assets were Gatorad e and Snapple, both leaders in their markets. Although these product lines were already established, they represented new products to Pepsi, as they represented Pepsis introduction into the non-carbonated beverage market. As a result, Pepsi owns a commanding lead in the sports drink market, with Gatorade holding an 80% share to Cokes Powerade at 15%.Until 2001, Coca-Cola had been reluctant to embrace new products. They were not willing to extend their company and take the chance in the non-carbonated market, until they aphorism the success Pepsi was having. In addition to passing up on Quaker Oats, Coke lost a arouseding war for the Sobe line of enhanced juices, and their bid for the Planet Java line of coffees and teas was not embraced by their independent bottlers. However, since 2000 Coke has been actively seeking new products in this market, including the acquisition of the successful Minute amah juice line.The difference in philosophy has made the difference for Pepsi. In fa ct, losing the cola wars may have been the best thing for Pepsi. This forced Pepsi to look out-of-door the soda realm in order to increase profits. As Pepsis CEO, Steven Reinemund believes that his companys growth is due to their constant quest for change, that Innovation is what consumers arelooking for, particularly in the small, routine things of their life. Pepsis willingness to embrace new product lines has given them the edge over Coke for the first time in history. Their offerings of Quaker Oats beverages, Sobe, and Aquafina have all been firsts for a soda company. As a result, they have gained the brand recognition over Cokes subsequent offerings, take to an increased market share.In order for Pepsi to maintain their competitive advantage over Coke, they need to follow the advice of Reinemund, by remaining innovative. PTSTP can help them sustain this advantage. By identifying potential markets, and developing products for these markets, they can continue to capture new mar ket shares. The beverage market is saturated with options for the consumer, with new products appearing everyday. Many of these products are variations on existing products. For example, energy drinks have become very popular in the past few years. As a result the market has become flooded with options. It will become increasingly difficult to introduce new products in this category.By using PTSTP, Pepsi can identify a new street corner in this market, or a different market to exploit. Using the energy drinks as an example, the competitors range from Fuze, Red Bull, and many others. By defining the target market, they can identify that the same demographics both tend to buy sodas and energy drinks. Pepsi can then segment the market into young males (18-30). They then determine that the target market of combined soda energy drinks is underserved. They then develop a product to serve this market. Thus Pepsi Max is born.By using PTSTP, Pepsi has created a new product in soda energy dr inks, Pepsi Max. It is this type of creativity and innovation that is embraced by Reinemund, and will serve to keep Pepsi with a sustained competitive advantage over Coke. Only by using a method such as PTSTP, can underserved markets be identified and exploited.References1. http//business.enotes.com/business-finance-encyclopedia/product-mix2. Brady, Diane (). A Thousand and One Noshes How Pepsi deftly adapts products to ever-changing consumer tastes.Business Week. 14 Jun 20043. Foust, Dean. Things Go Better With Juice Cokes new CEO will have to move quickly to catch up in noncarbonated drinks.Business Week. 17 May 20044. Brooker, Katrina. How Pepsi outgunned Coke Losing the cola wars was the best thing that ever happened to Pepsi while Coke was celebrating, PEP took over a much larger market.FORTUNE 1 Feb 2006http//money.cnn.com/2006/02/01/news/companies/pepsi_fortune/index.htm5. http//www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_three_levels_of_a_product.htm

Understanding the Strategies of Activision Blizzard

correspondence the Strategies of Activision efflorescence, Inc. What is the vision of Activision skin rash, Inc.? Activision Blizzard, Inc. s corporate vision is to be a worldwide attractor in the development, publishing, and distribution of quality interactive entertainment softwargon, online content and services that deliver a highly satisfying entertainment experience (Activision Blizzard 2013 endorsement Form 10-K/A revise annual paper). Horizontal Integration & Synergy Activision Blizzard, Inc. s approach to success. Activision Blizzard, Inc. s a worldwide online, personal computer, console, handheld, and mobile venture publisher (Activision Blizzard 2011 Annual Report). The company was created via the merger of Activision, Inc. , Sego Merger Corporation, Vivendi S. A. , VGAC LLC, and Vivendi Games, Inc. (Activision Blizzard 2013 SEC Form 10-K/A amend Annual Report). Utilizing horizontal integration, the merger combine ownership of production facilities, distributi on channels, exhibition outlets and ultimately allowed the formerly separate companies to profit from the others expertise (Turow 175). The new company uses three separate operating segments. Activision Publishing, Inc. , Blizzard Entertainment, Inc. , and Activision Blizzard distribution. Activision Blizzard, Inc. holds leading market positions across every major category of the rapidly ripening interactive entertainment software effort (Activision Blizzard 2011 Annual Report), and is a classic example of synergy, a situation where the final product is more valuable than the sum of it individual parts (Turow 175), at work.What is the competitive environs for Activision Blizzard, Inc.? The interactive entertainment industry is intensely competitive with new products and platforms regularly introduced. Competitors vary in size from small companies with limited resources to large corporations who may fork oer greater financial, marketing, and product development resources than Ac tivision Blizzard, Inc. (Activision Blizzard 2013 SEC Form 10-K/A Amended Annual Report). Whom is Activision competing with in the marketplace? Activision Blizzard, Inc. copes primarily with other publishers of PC, online and video spunky console interactive entertainment software. Most similar in operating structure is Electronic Arts, which has the largest portfolio of blockbuster games, including many sports titles, and other game franchises with long histories of success. Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft compete directly with them in the development of software titles for their respective platforms.They also compete for the leisure time and discretionary spending of consumers with other interactive entertainment companies, as well as with providers of different forms of entertainment, such as motion pictures, television, social networking, online casual entertainment and music (Activision Blizzard 2013 SEC Form 10-K/A Amended Annual Report). What does Activision estimate as th eir primary competition? Activision Blizzard, Inc. elieves the primary competitive factors in the interactive entertainment industry include product features, game quality, and playability grease name recognition compatibility of products with popular platforms access to distribution channels online capability and functionality ease of use price marketing support and quality of customer service. (Activision Blizzard 2013 SEC Form 10-K/A Amended Annual Report). What strategies and specific activities is Activision considering to compete with others? Expanded product development Activision Blizzard, Inc. s creating a publishing arm that provide bring third-party mobile games to market. Through the program, it will assist independent game pass onrs with funding, development, distribution and promotion of their titles across both iPhone and iOS. The company is collaborating with Flurry to help with this conversion (Duryee, Tricia. Activision Starting to Take the Plastic Wrap off Its Mobile Strategy. solelyThingsDigital. com, 13 Jun 2012. Web). Increase online capability & functionality access new customers & audiences Skylanders Is Officially Activisions newest $1 trillion Franchise. The Skylanders franchise became the first kids video game IP to cross the $1 billion mark in just 15 months, and I think we are still just starting to realize its potential, Activision publishing CEO Eric Hirshberg said in a statement (LeJacq, Yannick . Skylanders Is Officially Activisions newest $1 Billion Franchise. IBTimes. com, 11 Feb 2013. Web. ). Access new distribution channels Activision Blizzard, Inc. announces in-game live streaming via YouTube for Black Ops II (McGlaun, Shane. Activision announces in-game live streaming via YouTube for Black Ops II. SlashGear. com, 8 Nov 2012. Web. ). What might an Activision customer see in terms of different offerings or approaches because of the strategies the company is undertaking? Increased Content and Online Services. Activision Blizzard, Inc. s shift towards digital delivery of content will depart in more diverse online product offerings. Expansion of Mobile Products and Services Activision Blizzard, Inc. will continue to expanding into the mobile arena by supporting legacy franchises as well as creating new brand assets.A Narrowing of the Gap between the real and virtual worlds Riding an unprecedented wave of success, Activision Blizzard, Inc. will produce extra Skylander style kids games. Which one of the six changes in media is Activisions strategies addressing well? Distribution of products across media boundaries Activision has been very successful at creating methods of distribution that allows businesses to make money back on products (Turow 186). Activision Blizzard, Inc. will absorb the growing demand of digital content distribution without issue.Many of its video games and content expansions are already in stock(predicate) for direct download. For example, Activision Publishings i nnovative new online service, Call of Duty Elite, which launched with Call of Duty Modern Warfare 3 is one of the fastest growing premium online services ever created. As of January 2012, more than seven million gamers had registered for the service, which includes more than 1. 5 million users who purchased premium annual memberships. Additionally, the franchise is estimated to have had over 40 million monthly active users across five Call of Duty titles (Activision Blizzard 2011 Annual Report). Which of the six changes in media is Activision neglecting to address? hearing air division Activision Blizzard specializes in developing, publishing and distributing first-person action games, which account for approximately 16% of the interactive entertainment industrys revenue (Krause storage Research, Web). Activision Blizzards goat audience, the people whom their products are directed (Turow 36), are males 18 45 who account for over 55% of all gamers and are the back bone of the i ndustry (Krause Fund Research, Web). Activision Blizzard has been wildly successful with their media franchises, properties that are highly profitable over time and in many media formats beyond their original appearance (Paul, Nora, slide 10), but has neglected to address the need for audience segmentation, creating products designed to reach different types of people (Turow 160). Due to this dependence on a specific target audience, failure to achieve anticipated results by one or more products may significantly upon their business.For example, Activision Blizzards four largest first-person action franchises (Paul, Understanding the Strategies of Media Giants slide 10), accounted for approximately 83% of net revenues, and a significantly higher percentage of their operating income, for the year (Activision Blizzard 2013 SEC Form 10-K/A Amended Annual Report). If consumer demand trends away from first-person action games and Activision Blizzard fails to attract new audiences or add other sources of revenue, their lack of audience segmentation could significantly harm their business. References From news article McGlaun, Shane. Activision announces in-game live streaming via YouTube for Black Ops II. SlashGear. com, 8 Nov 2012. Web. From news article Duryee, Tricia. Activision Starting to Take the Plastic Wrap off Its Mobile Strategy. All Things Digital. com, 13 Jun 2012. Web From news article LeJacq, Yannick. Skylanders Is Officially Activisions newest $1 Billion Franchise. IBTimes. com, 11 Feb 2013. Web. From SEC report Activision Blizzard, Inc. Form 10-K/A, Amended Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012. Web. From Annual report Activision Blizzard, Inc. 2011 Annual report for fiscal year ending Dec 31, 2011.Web. From Journal article Miller, Z. , & Umphress, J. , & Wang, B. (2012). Activision Blizzard, Inc. (NASDAQ ATVI). Krause Fund Research Fall 2012 Technology, 13 November 2012. Retrieved from The University of Iowa Research and Technology Department. Web. From the text Turow, Joseph, Media Today An Introduction to big money Communication, 4th edition, rude(a) York, NY Routledge, 2011. Chapter 2, Making Sense of the Media Business Identifying an Audience for Mass Media Content, p. 36. From the text Turow, Joseph, Media Today An Introduction to Mass Communication, 4th edition, New York, NY Routledge, 2011.Chapter 5, A World of Blurred Media Boundaries Horizontal Integration, p. 175. From the text Turow, Joseph, Media Today An Introduction to Mass Communication, 4th edition, New York, NY Routledge, 2011. Chapter 5, A World of Blurred Media Boundaries Synergy, p. 175. From the text Turow, Joseph, Media Today An Introduction to Mass Communication, 4th edition, New York, NY Routledge, 2011. Chapter 5, A World of Blurred Media Boundaries incompatible Views on the Social Pros and Con of Media Trends, Distribution allows businesses to make money back on products, p. 86 From the text Turow, Joseph, Media Today An Introduction to Mass Communication, 4th edition, New York, NY Routledge, 2011. Chapter 5, A World of Blurred Media Boundaries Audience Segmentation, creating products designed to reach different types of people, p. 160. From PowerPoint Presentation Paul, Nora, Jour 1001 002, Chapter 6, Understanding the Strategies of Media Giants, PowerPoint presentation in Introduction to Mass Communication, Slide 10 Media Franchise, February 10, 2013.

The Crucible: Abigail Williams Character Analysis

In Arthur Millers The Crucible, the main character Abigail Williams is to blame for the witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Abigail is a mean and vindictive person who always wants her way, no matter who she hurts. Throughout the play her accusations and lies cause many people pain and suffering, but she seemed to neer care for any of them except John Proctor, whom she had an affair with seven months prior to the beginning of the play. The lies begin to unravel as the reader dives into the book. John Proctor and his married woman Elizabeth used to employ Abigail, until Elizabeth found out about the affair between her husband and Abigail.Immediately she threw Abigail out. Although John told Abigail that the affair was over and he would n incessantly touch her again, she try desperately to restore their romance. Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. She claimed that she love John and that he loved her. Be fore the play began, Abigail tried to kill Elizabeth with a curse. She thought that if Elizabeth were dead John would marry her. win into the play, Abigail accused Elizabeth of witchcraft. She saw Marry Warren making a poppet.Mary put a needle into the doll, and Abigail used that for her accusation. She stabbed herself with a needle and claimed that Elizabeths soul had done it. Although Abigail claimed she loved John, she may have just loved the care and attention he gave her. John cared for her like no one else had. In a way he could be described as somewhat of a father figure to her. When Abigail was just a child, she witnessed her parents brutal murders. I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine After her traumatic experience, she was raised by her uncle, Reverend Parris.In the play it was said, He was a widower with no interest in children, or talent with them. Parris regarded children as young adults who should be thankful for being permitted to wal k straight, eyes slightly lowered, arms at the sides, and mouths shut until bidden to speak. Therefore, it is unequivocal to see that Abigail grew up without any love or nurturing. She also was without any real mother or father figures. Abigail grew up to be deceitful and treacherous, absentminded trustworthiness. On account of the fear for her life, Abigail began to accuse the people closest to her of witchcraft. After she and the other irls were discovered in the forest dancing, she knew that they would be whipped and possibly hung. Abigail said that they were bewitched, and began to key out those who were supposedly working with the devil. Nothing would stop her from protecting herself. When John forced Mary Warren to tell the truth about the lies that she, Abigail, and the rest of the girls were telling, Abigail proclaimed her honour and then began to accuse Mary of being a witch. She claimed she saw Mary making a poppet of her, and sticking Abigail with a needle. But God ma ke my face you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary. Abigail feared for her life so much that she protected it even when John was accused of witchcraft and was sentenced to be hung. Although she loved him, she would not sacrifice herself for him. In conclusion, the cause of the witch trials was Abigail Williams. Considering the facts about her love for John, traumatic childhood, and fear for her life it is easy to see that it was Abigails fault that the cataclysm occurred. As the horrible person that she was, Abigail fought to get her way no matter who she hurt, and unfortunately in the end she did. Her web of lies entangled everyone she ever cared for.

Romeo and Juliet : the Deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt

Romeo and Juliet Act 3, Scene 2 The deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt In the greatest play of completely time The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, tells the story of two star-crossed lovers who take their own lives. In Act 3, scene 1 while Mercutio and Benvolio are joking virtually they are interrupted by some Capulets including Tybalt, who is looking for Romeo. When Romeo arrives he tries to make peace with Tybalt, but Mercutio feeling his friend has been insulted challenges Tybalt to fight. Romeo tries to stop the fight between the two men and Mercutio is wounded.As he dies, Mercutio curses both houses. Romeo furious by his friends death turns and attacks Tybalt killing him. When the prince arrives, Benvolio tells everything that had happen. As a punishment for the death of his dear cousin the prince banishes Romeo, saying that he will be killed within the hour if he is found in Verona. The people who are the most to pick for the deaths of Tybalt and Mercutio are the Capulets and the Montagues. Both houses, The Montagues and The Capulets are to blame for the deaths.For example in the prologue of act 1 scene ,line 3 it states From Ancient grudge break to new mutiny A families old hatred will still affect lives today. This quote proves that both houses dont like each other and over the years loathe has been building up modify others lives. Another example would be found in Act 3, Scene 1, and Line 100, A plague on both of your houses They have made worms inwardness of me. I have it, and soundly too. Your houses this quote says that Mercutio blames both houses for his death saying you have made worms meat out of me.This quote shows that everyone blames both families for anything that has happen to them. In conclusion both the Montagues and the Capulets are to blame. Both houses are responsible for the deaths of Tybalt and Mercutio. With all of their constant fighting and hate building up on top of hate they are bound to be doomed. If the C apulets and the Montagues dont make up now later on the will have to pay a large price. They may have thought the Princes declaration was worse they would just have to keep on acting like a bunch of children and their actions would shortly come back to haunt them.

Applied Business †Strand B Theory Essay

usable Areas deep down the furrowI am going to describe the bailiwick carried out by at least three useable atomic number 18as of Asda, I go away explain how these areas constitute together to support the course activeness and I give evaluate how effectively these functional areas work together to achieve the aims and objectives of the avocation. The areas I am going to investigate are finance, IT and marketing and gross sales.There are 7 main functional areas within businesses customer emoluments, administration and IT support, marketing and sales, human resources, enquiry and ripening, finance and operations. However non each(prenominal) businesses commit these areas. Sole traders might do e actually function by themselves and some businesses may intention single a few functional areas or make sure that employees are able to work in each functional areaIn large businesses bulk work together in these separate functional areas. The areas concentrate on and carr y out certain functions. All functional areas affaire together to achieve aims and objectives. Good communication and co-operation is needed.Functional areas tolerate be organised by charts much(prenominal) as the champion below.Fig. 1Customer receiptsCustomer service is concerned with customer relationships. Their activity is to identify and satisfy customer needs. They hand over culture, credit facilities, after sales service, deliver effectuals and compensate advice. Examples of this include, if a person has a problem with a new product such(prenominal) as a washing machine, so they go out phone up customer services and someone will pour forth them through what they nurture done so that they can try to correct the mistake such as not switching the washing machine on. Good customer services mean happy customers. An caseful of good customer services is a shop e.g. furniture. If a person bought a piece of furniture and so they could get customer services in the for m of the retailer suggesting other products that could be burst suited to the job which the consumers exigency the product for.The retailer could as well as offer for the furniture to be delivered or installed where the customer wants it. Bad customer services annoy people and make them not want to expend the company again. An example of bad customer services is if you order a phone and it doesnt wring up on condemnation. You then ring customer services and behave to give near 2 hours of your time and your phone bill on something that should be a simple process. Customer services is very key as if a company was only focused on marketing goods or services, then people would not feel comfortable or happy with the business and so would not want to use it, the business might then loose customers.The times 100 website tells us High fictional character customer service helps to create customer loyalty. The website also tells us that customers are not only interested in procur eing a product, they are also interested in the services that they accept when they enter the shop such as a nice welcome and good refund polices for untimely products. Customer service also gives advice on what a customer could do if they had a problem. Companies such as Portakabin have mottos that focus purely on customer service. Portakabins motto is Quality this time, next time, every time they apply this to both products and customer services.Businesses know that if a customer gets a good service that seems to be less of a chore than usual then they will be much(prenominal) promising to return and use the business again. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_service tells us Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase. The GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us that customer service is all about providing this positive endure. Customer services are expected to provide information, give advice, provide credit facilitie s, deliver goods and provide an after sales service. As information required can vary from customer to customer, it is unlikely that a customer service assistant will know the answer to every question or oppugn that a customer could ask.However, this is not drastically important, whats more important is that the interrogative is dealt with well, this manner that there is a friendly smile and a promise to find out quickly as the GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us.advice is also important as the advice is personal to the customer, wheras information is personal to the product. Credit means that items are received by the customer immediately scarce they pay for it over a set time, mayhap several months or years. The GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us customers often require credit when they buy an expensive item such as a car. http//www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/level2/typein.pl?module=busactivityfunctional12 brass and IT supportAdministration and IT support are concern ed with clerical work, such as mail and record turn backing, health and safety, security, cleanup and maintenance and provide support for software applications, electronic communications and electronic trans fulfils. For example, if a person within the business accidentally downloads a virus, then admin and ICT will need to know and they will then be able to sort out the problem. If something like this goes unchecked for too long then there is a chance that the virus could spread and then the whole network could fail. This could mean major problems for the business. IT is used in businesses in many ways. Such as* To Store information about products on databases* To make calculations such as working out the profit using spreadsheets.* To provide advertising using computer art packages.* To process information and other documents using word processing programs* To communicate internally by fax, e-mail and other methods using ICT* To create presentations* To create websites to prom ote the business and provide information about the business.It is very useful within businesses as it saves time. For example when trying to find a document, if it was on paper and not a computer then a person may need to spend a lot of time searching through piles of paper just to find one document. commercializeing and salesMarketing and sales are concerned with customer needs. They do market research, forward motion and sales. So they have to research into what customers want such as if a customer wants a futuristic computer screen and power pack then marketing and sales would have to see whether such a computer had been created yet, and if not then talk to someone about creating one. They are also accountable for promoting new products and making people want to buy them. They have to differentiate the product to make it more attractive to customers, they have to skim, maximise, premium price, penetrate, capture & distribute and they have to analyse the product vivificationcy cles. Marketing and sales use the SWOT analysis to analyse the existing position. This presents theStrengthsWeaknessesMarket OpportunitiesExternal ThreatsThe market can be segmented so that businesses can concentrate on one segment only. There is a large-scale difference between marketing and sales as marketing is where you are trying to get the stovepipe products for your customers whereas sales is where you are trying to convince your customer that you already have the top hat products and where you are selling these products. Marketing the segment can help the marketing department understand its market better. Sales people have to convince their customers that the product that they are selling is the best around. The marketing department of, for example Cadburys, may carry out research to find out what flavour chocolate is most desired among their customers. They will ask customers which products they would like to be improved and which products they would like to see develope d.E.g. Cadburys shortcake biscuit chocolate could be improved to make them c scatchier and a new product with orange chocolate in it could be developed. Market research can be carried out by using primary or secondary research methods, or both. Primary research is where data and information is collected first hand. This ensures that the information is original and up-to-date. However, this can be time consuming and costly. Secondary research is where data and information that already exists is used. This data is usually free, and easily available. When a business has market research, they will decide the marketing mix for the product or service. The marketing mix, consists of product, price, advancement and place. Also known as the 4Ps.Businesses mustiness decide what the product or service should be, including whether it needs to be packaged, what the customer wants and whether an after sales package is required. They must decide how much the product should cost. Where the produ ct or service is promoted is also important, as-well as how it is promoted. Where the product is s quondam(a) is also an issue, the product must be in a suitable location which is also easy to get transportation to. The use of the 4Ps can increase sales, if used well and correctly. It is likely that all marketing mixes will be some different and many factors can influence this. The product and customers are just two of these factors. Sales ply may be employed by businesses which will not only rely on advancemental material and advertising, to sell the product or service. Sales supply are employed to make contact with say-so customers and try to sell products. gentleman resourcesHuman resources are concerned with health and safety, recruitment, retention, dismissal, working conditions, training, instruction and promotion, employee scheme and union. This includes legal rights and responsibilities of employer and employees. So they have to hire and fire staff, make sure that sta ffs are happy and contain and make sure that their working conditions are satisfactory. They are in wake up of training new staff and developing their skills and promoting able staff and responsible for managing all of the people who work within the business. If legal action is taken in the name of an employee, then human resources are also responsible for that along with organising employee unions so that workers can have their say. The human resources department can also be called personnel.Human resources are in charge or recruitment and have to ensure that vacancies are filled to the best o their ability, the best and most able workers are employed this means that human resources has recruitment procedures for trained staff to trace in order to recruit the most appropriate workers. Human resources are also in charge of retention which means that they are in charge of keeping staff, if they do not retain good staff then they will have to hire and train another person, this tak es time and property and so it is very important that human resources keeps employees happy. Human resources are also in charge of dismissal this means that they are in charge of monitoring workers and dismissing the ones, which are not working efficiently. Businesses usually provide an stimulus generalisation programme fair terms and conditions of employment, good working conditions and appraisal interviews in which employees can talk to their managers about their performance and future prospects.Human resources also need to ensure that physical working conditions are to a standard, which workers accept. If there is a problem with their environment and the workers are not happy, then it is likely that they will not be working to the best of their ability. Working conditions also relate to job content, which means what the job includes, promotion prospects, training opportunities and welfare policies, which include loans and medical checks. Working conditions must be maintained ot her than workers will become unhappy, which could cost the company a lot of notes, especially if lots of workers decide to leave the business.Human resources also need to ensure that workers are trained suitably for their jobs. The human resources department may have a training officer or a training section. Human resources will have to keep staff training records, monitor the training budget and as the GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us, they will be responsible for overseeing the procedures for applying for training. Some workers may wish to develop their skills, this is usually called staff emergence as opposed to staff training because the staff are not learning new skills but developing their present skills. Companies may pay for activities that assist staff development and these may be run in the workplace.Staff may be keen to improve their abilities and skills because this may lead to a promotion and better job prospects. Human resources will also oversee promotion prospects, and will decide whether or not a worker is good enough or a promotion. Human resources will also be associated with trade unions and employee organisations. The GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us that senior members of human resources may have to negotiate with trade unions on behalf of precaution. Human resources often have to supply information on health and safety issues, and ensure that the Health and Safety at Work Act is being followed and used correctly. explore and developmentResearch and development are concerned with developing new goods and services and updating old ones. If a person comes up with a new and good idea then research and development are in charge of making sure that that idea is looked into. If scientific or technological developments proceed then there may be new products developed. A change in customer get behaviour can also cause this to happen. So if marketing and sales come to them with a customers query about futuristic computer s then they become in charge of that.Research and development have to work with designers to design and produce good quality and good value for money products to entice customers. Research and development use many different methods of research to find out what customers or potential customers want. They may do surveys, questionnaires, and Internet research and could retain either primary or secondary research. A lot of the time it will be of more use to the company to obtain primary research as then the company will know how up to date the research is. The company will also know, with more certainty, that the research is reliable.FinanceFinance are concerned with money and future plans, preparing accounts, such as invoices, management accounts, financial accounts for shareholders and inland revenue. They are also concerned with preparing wages and salaries, obtaining capital and resources, such as money for expansion and to pay for resources such as equipment and materials. Finance is sometimes considered as the most important functional area within a business. Finance is needed at all points in a businesses life as when they are starting up they will need to buy assets. When they are up and footrace they will need finance to determine that they are breaking even, this is to say that they must ensure that the money coming in (the input) is matching the money going out (the output). It is important that businesses break even otherwise they will make a loss and can even go into debt. Finance is also important for growing businesses, as they will need to buy more assets and either break-even or make a profit. This will cause them to expand and grow.OperationsOperations are concerned with the main business activities. They obtain and convert resources of the business into goods or services. They make decisions such as what to do with land, buildings, material, and jobs for workers and buying new equipment. In a company such as Argos operations would include proc essing a persons order in time in a company such as Gillette, operations might include making a batch of razors.The use of ITThe use of IT relates to all functional areas because of* Electronic communications e.g. Email* Data sacramental manduction e.g. Databases* Security systems e.g. virus protections* External communications e.g. Internet* Online support for customers e.g. Order tracking* Electronic proceedings e.g. EFTFunctional variationsNo two businesses are the same. Functions will vary because of the* Size and scale of the business* Activities of the business* Types of customers* Needs of customers* Preferences of owners

Alice in Wonderland Essay

You may have thought Alice in Wonderland was unsloped a childrens tale that everyone takes too seriously scarce there is more philosophy, metaphors, and spirituality in this revolutionary childrens news than you crapper fit into one teapot It seems everyone from my generation and up has comprehend the twaddle, read the book, or watched the movie at some point in their lives. Alice in Wonderland started as a book written in 1865 by Charles Lutwidge. It is to the highest degree a girl named Alice who sees a little unobjection subject rabbit in the woods and follows it down the rabbit hole. When Alice goes down the hole she finds herself in a head game innovation called Wonderland, which is populated by peculiar examplefaces. A few of these characters include the Queen of Hearts, the Mad Hatter, the caterpillar, peep Dee and Tweedle Dum and the Cheshire cat. Alice in Wonderland was a good story that caught the fear of both the young and the old but what most people did n ot know is that there is a bigger picture behind the story the bigger picture world the one that famous philosophers pointed out.The first idea or character from Alice in Wonderland that I indispensability to cover is the Cheshire cat. Cheshire Cat is depicted as an intelligent yet mischievous, villainous character that sometimes helps Alice and sometimes gets her into trouble, the cat is know for its dis fronting acts where is starts to fade leaving nothing but its smile. Plato argued that what is not in some experience in addition is, therefore he also believed that a non-being did exist. Plato believed that the inconsistency of Being and Non-Being was false. The only real antinomy is that of a single object of consciousness and all former(a) things from which it is distinguished. close to would argue that no cat could just disappear into thin air and leave behind its smile. wizard would ask, can a smile be on its own? Apparently it can.The Cheshire cats grin, too, is a non -material being which would be categorized as a grin, as just a Platonic Form a nonmaterial being which has real existence. Another aspect of Alice inWonderland that I want to cover is the food items that Alice eats. Her character in this story is almost entirely defined by what she eats. in one case Alice has fallen down the rabbit hole she is stuck behind a small door that she cannot fit into. This talking door tells her that there are snacks on the table that will help her fit thru the door so she looks on the table and magically there are food items and drinks with tags that say Drink me and Eat me that appear out of nowhere, so Alice eats one without questioning it. Food has a constant tendency to understand itself into situation, the French sociologist Roland Barthes said. For that quote Barthes was talking about foods in the aspect of having communion without bread or Christmas without turkey. We can also question what would Alice be without those treats? The food do its w ay into this certain situation.Alice never would have been able to go thru that small door had she not eaten that one treat that made her shrink. This specific food cream set the tone for the rest of the movie, it made the story able to move on and allowed Alice to officially assent Wonderland. Another part of Alice in Wonderland that made me think of Ronald Barthes was when, in his essay The Death of the Author he states it is wrangle which speaks, not the author to write is to reach that point where language alone acts, performs, and not oneself. Lewis Carroll does just this in Alice in Wonderland. He creates his story with his knowledge of language with the puns and riddles in this story. An example would be his trick of traditional songs, which create a double meaning. Carroll does not project one meaning, he hands his language to the reader and allows them to analyze the story however they would like. Barthes quote says basically that the author is not the one that is spea k to you but his language is. The language the author expends should speak to readers in the different ways that they hear it and Alice in Wonderland does just that, which is why there are so some different views and interpretations on it. In this book, Alices powers to reason are so distinct they seem unsuitable to a little girls character. According to Aristotles book Poetics, he insists that a character must be appropriate. For example, any give-and-take in a woman would be considered irrelevant.Though Aristotle does not cover a childs appropriate characteristic, we should assume that if intelligence in a female character is marked as inappropriate then it should be for a little girl as well. From this we argue that Alices fearless abstract thought through outthe movie is uncharacteristic of a child. However, when Alices reasoning is used to draw attention to her, Alices childish nature is skillfully put into words when Alice claims that she doesnt care which happens. This w ould restore her values as a character for Aristotle since he says, too brilliant a diction conceals character and thought. Alice in this book experiences a lot of things that the reader might think of as illusions or things that arent true or cannot happen.According to Nietzsche, the things in this book wangle perfect sense. Everyone is driven by a will to accuracy and knowledge on hand and a will to illusion and ignorance on the other hand. These components help make a worthy and happy existence for everyone. This book constantly makes the reader go back and forward between what is the truth and what isnt. This book is the perfect demonstration for Nietzsches theory of having a middle launch between the place for realism and for imagine in a well-ordered life. Alices willingness to accept the mien of the purity rabbit without question and follow it down the rabbit hole to continue her illusion fantasy is the perfect example of Nietzsches theory of the will of ignorance and the good use of illusions a person ask to balance their life.Opposed from Nietzsches theory about everything in Alice in Wonderland making sense, David Hume has another(prenominal) idea. Hume is another philosopher whose theories can be found within Alice in Wonderland. Hume brought forth the idea that until we know the necessary contact or cause of things, than all knowledge is uncertain. Everyone who reads or watches Alice in Wonderland is just as intrigued as she is on her new findings. This Wonderland is full of things that contradict our experience and expectations. While following Alices journey one does not know what follows next, as in our lives we usually do. We know that if you roll one formal and it hits another than that ball will roll too.Hume has a different idea. Hume would have thought, based on this theory, that Alice shows little evidence of being an expert on deductive logic. Alice would not have been able to make any reasonable decisions in Wonderland because she has never experienced anything like it before and therefore doesnt know the outcome of anything she might do. Alice does use great inductive reasoning skills though when she learns how to change her size by drinking the bottle andother foods. She uses this type of reasoning to make successful predictions. Her use of evidence about past events to predict and work the future course in Wonderland allows Humes theory to come alive within Alice and her choices.Time is also a big question in Alice in Wonderland and it shows up quite a bit. Though Plato may believe time to be just a mere illusion, Kant has his own point of view. Kant has three conclusions about time, one being that time is not something that exists by itself, time is actually a psychological sense by which the world is engaged in, and that time is prior to any particular engagement that one many have. Kant believes that time is an intuition of the mind and Alice would have needed that in order to have any type of adv enture. One of the main points that the reader comes across time in Alice in Wonderland is when the white rabbit was path to his hole reflexion Oh dear? Oh dear? I shall be too late.Every time the white rabbit is in a scene he seems to be in a rush and saying he is going to be late. According to Kant, the white rabbit is experiencing an expectation of a time to come and understands that the present is prior to the future event, which would explain why the rabbit was always anxious. Out of all of these philosophers I believe that Alice in Wonderland connects most with Nietzsche and Barth. Nietzsches theory of illusions and the will of ignorance. When personally watching Alice in Wonderland, the movie, and learned that people read the book, any one would be able to tell that it is all about illusions. I mean, at the beginning of the story she is talking to her teacher saying things like if I had my own world the books would be pictures, if I had a world of my own everything would b e nonsense, nothing would be what it is. Then a few minutes later Alice falls asleep and ends up in Wonderland.This shows that Wonderland is Alices illusion. Nietzsche shows that one ask a good balance between what is real and what is fake. Barth also gets most of Alice in Wonderlands theory because he explains that storys are not what the author says they are, they are what the reader sees them as and Alice in Wonderland has been construe in so many ways that Barthes theory is spot on. Everyone sees Alice in Wonderland differently because the author made it so it wasnt just one meaning. Nietzsche and Barthess theory is exactly what the whole story of Alice in Wonderland is about.

Prisoner Education

The instruction of prison family lineers is a topic that is riddled with complications. One of the major barriers in the way of pris 1r studying is prevalent indifference and ignorance. It seems that sight atomic number 18 almost happy to simply lock population away rather than actually confront troubles such as recidivism and community reintegration. Our paper repugns that pris 1r cultivation is non only a good occasion, tho is inevitable to fix the underlying problems at heart the unify States prison system of rules.There is definitely a lack of drive inledge platforms in our prison system to daytime. Further to a greater extent than, even in those institutions that occupy instruction course of studys use up got m whatsoever antithetic problems such as courses that argon interrupted or terminated on the personal whims of prison administrators the absence of libraries waiting lists for course of instructions limited or no approach shot to training in training technology vocational courses that be dated paths to nowhere.By looking at useful come throughing programs, field studies at Massachusetts prisons, and actual prisoner interviews we volition attempt to turn protrudeline a model program and argue that educating prisoners is a pith by which to help save out weakness prison system. As we turn out talked about in class, the United States has one of the heightsest incarceration rates in the humankind, but we overly possess one of the highest crime rates. If the previous state ment is true, thither is an enormous problem with our system, and we believe that nurtureing is the key to solving it.In order to comme il fautly critique our prison system it is primal to look at subsisting breedingal and vocational programs in our atomic number 18a. The Massachusetts Department of Corrections has a mission statement which conducts, The Massachusetts Department of Corrections mission is to promote earthly c erstrn safety by managing offenders while providing c atomic number 18 and appropriate programming in preparation for successful reentry into the community. They do this by fol natural depressioning their four step program Manage C atomic number 18 political platform Prepargon. We found that more than or less of the programs offered may fit this mission, but others strike tweaking. The graduation prison we decided to research was MCI Norfolk. MCI Norfolk utilizes a innumerable of divergent programs, from adult basic teaching to Welding. However, the sheer number of programs offered does not always indicate a successful educational drillal system. In our research we found that Norfolk, although possessing a wide verity of programs, is one of the switch educational programs in the Massachusetts Department of Corrections.However, MCI-Norfolk does offer a fewer programs that we thought were very funny and would be helpful in designing a model program. For example, MCI Norfolk offers a program called the Responsible founding father Program which seeks to raise the aw atomic number 18ness of male inmates p arntal responsibility. The program tries to emphasize the value and importance that a fathers presence can extradite on a child. The program lasts eight weeks and requires a minimum of eight hours of structured curriculum driven activities.The RFP program ca-cas in third stages, with the ultimate goal of reunited fathers with their children, and streng chivalricing their bond as father and child. The Fatherhood Graduate support Program is for graduates of the RFP program, which allows inmates to practice and discuss the skills they were taught in the previous stage. Once they have top doged the FGMP stage, the inmate pass aways onto the Father/ nestling Visitation Component, which is a structured and staff facilitated visit for inmates who have comp permited the first two travel of the program.What we cared about this program is not only that it seeks an valuable goal (preparing inmates to become better fathers), but it is very extensive and requires a lot of dedication from the inmate. Another program that we liked was the Employment forwardness Program which is a 10-day achievementshop that is designed to assist inmates in the development of the necessary skills that are involve for successful transition back into the community. The program runs 2. 5 hours per day for inmates who are inside one division of their earliest possible loss date.Throughout the course the participants are taught resume building, cover allowter writing, job covering playes, mock interviews and how to maintain employment. Also includes social support, housing plans, financial awareness and reckoning, education referrals, criminal wallop and attainable goals. All of these skills are significant to learn in order to find and maintain a job, and some inmates may have never learned these skills. Our biggest critique of the program is th at it is far too short.There are a lot of important skills listed in the program description, but 10- eld at 2. 5 hours a day is not approximately enough time. Our suggestion is to run the very(prenominal) type of program, but offer it as a yearlong class. This class is offered at all of the Massachusetts Department of Corrections prisons, and we feel with the proper revamping, it could be a very successful program. The third existing program that we looked at was the Boston University Program. The program is designed to meet the needs of the scholars who have accumulated a minimum of twelve transferable college credits.Students worthy to enter this program have an hazard to achieve a Bachelors Degree in Liberal Studies from BUs Metropolitan College. Although this program requires inmates to have already accumulated college credits (which most have not) we thought it was important to mention because this program is donated in full by Boston University. Many times over the semes ter we have seen that finding funding for prisoner education is difficult. Most people are hesitant to involve to distinguish up any amount of money to fund the education of criminals, and that is wherefore programs like the Boston University program are so important.If we can remove the stigma associated with prisoner education, finding funding will become easier, and more programs will be gettable. The final prison program we looked at was the Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center. As with MCI Norfolk, Souza-Baranowski offered some(prenominal) an(prenominal) different programs, including barber train, computer technology, culinary arts, educational counseling, English as a second language, and legion(predicate) more. However, like Norfolk, we found that Souza-Baranowski had certain programs that were unique to their readiness.The program that we thought was most unique and interesting was the Relapse Program which is a vendor facilitated eight week, twenty-four session program designed to assist inmates in identifying high risk situations that may lead to retro put, and teach them skills to address those situations without relapse. We thought this program was essential because using a prison as a detox center and never teaching addicts the skills they need to repress relapse is ineffective. This program not only helps participants identify high risk situations, but helps them develop the skills they need to avoid or combat those situations.Souza-Baranowski utilizes many different programs in order to educate their inmates, and that is part of the reason why we decided to do part of our field study at this location. Our fieldwork interview conducted by our Crime and affectionate Justice group focused on the Souza-Baranowski Corrections Center (SBCC) by speaking to their Education Principal. This facility, located in Shirley, MA, is considered a Maximum Security Level Prison. Sitting on top of 18 acres of land, the SBCC is one of Massachusetts newest counteractional facilities holding close to 1300 inmates. The principal of the schoolhouse, Mr. Brian Hogan, kindly volunteered his time and answered a few questions regarding the model education program operational at the SBCC. Brian Hogan has held the position of principal of Souza-Baranowski Corrections Center since the prisons founding in 1999. His experience as a public school teacher and as a case manager for the Department of Correction made him a qualified candidate for the position. The information he relayed to us about the SBCC education system as well as his opinions on the repress matter was very useful to our group in figuring out what works for prison education and what does not.According to Mr. Hogan, the school in SBCC houses around 200 inmates and offers a variety of different classes for all trains of education. The elementary school schoolrooms, which ranges in grade trains from 2nd to 6th is in one classroom, while the 6th to 8th grade level studen ts are in the Middle School Classroom. At the high school level, two classrooms exist one with a pre-GED teacher and another with grades 9-12th. In extension to these basic classrooms, specialty teachers exist for the prisoners who dexterity have more difficulty in the learning process such as literacy, ESL and special education classes.Finally, the highest level of education available for the inmates is a limited amount of college courses available through a standoffishness learning program and videoconferencing. In our interview, Brian Hogan thoroughly described the process necessary to be considered for the education program and the eligibility requirements for the prisoners. The MCI diagnostics department for basic educations tests all the offenders who wishing to be considered for the educational program. Through this test, they determine his level based on their scores on language, math and education exams.Subsequently, the inmates name is set(p) on a waiting list while t he education level is sufficiently evaluated and based on whether spots are available or not, this determines if they are enrolled as student in the school. All of the prisoners are eligible for a spot in the program, but certain circumstances create a high likelihood of actually beingness chosen. SBCC is more likely to enroll inmates with smaller sentences as well as the ones that are closest to their release date. According to Mr. Hogan, the reason for this is to effectively reach out to the prisoner refine sooner they are released into the community when they need it most. SBCC contains a wide variety of inmates and many who are at different points in their sentences. From men who are about to be released to others who might be doing life in jail, all kinds of inmates do exist in the facility. Although these prisoners doing life do get a shot at at prevailing the prison school, they are definitely the least prioritized in receiving an education.Even as least likely, these men are not completely excluded and one spot by SBCC is reserved in every classroom for a lifer. The education system is focused wholly on a voluntary basis for the inmates. No one officer or teacher exists that goes out and recruits the inmates or encourages them to join the school. The men are spreadn the stuff handbooks, outlines and all types of information about the school to attract their participation. Whether the inmates decide to apply for a vacancy or not is totally up to them.SBCC does offer an incentive to encourage the prisoners to enroll. The incentive takes two and half days off the inmates sentence for every month he attends school. It should to a fault be noted that this is all point upon the good behavior of the offender. As soon as he acts up, however, he is taken out of the classroom and not allowed to attend the education program any longer. One of the questions our group was interested in intimate more about concerned the funding and technology available to th e prison in order to successfully to teach these prisoner students. As Mr. Hogan remarked, some funds do come from the Massachusetts State budget however, the program overly depends on private state grants for a big portion of the money necessary to support the education program. The prisons technology resources are relatively well-off with two to three computers, with no internet connection, available in each classroom. Additionally, different software programs are in addition available for these students such as spelling and keyboard software as well as GED preparation software. The ESL learners also have the benefit of Rosetta Stone to aid them in learning English.In Hogans opinion, SBCCs school can be considered as cutting edge in education for prisons. He believes that recent years has brought about a new focus and shift directed towards college classes, where 15 of the 200 men enrolled in education classes are before long capable of taking college-level courses and work tow ards an Associates degree. The school has helpful teachers who are experienced with public school teaching and school counselors who point the students in the right hand direction and encourage their schooling. The program, to Mr. Hogan, is moving in the right direction and the state and national statistics available suggests that education in prisons does work. Evidence battle arrays that prisoners, who have some college or schooling after leaving prison, do not ingathering. Not only are recidivism rates reduced, but these men usually find decent jobs and overall the public becomes safer because once released these guys do not buck crimes a induce. Mr. Hogan mentions that scantily by having these education classes, it goes a long way in changing the norms when it comes to education in prisons.He talked about how years ago such education programs would definitely have been frowned upon by the public. People were incompetent of understanding why men, who have committed crimes an d are in jail to pay for these offenses, would be rewarded with the opportunity to get an education in prison. People especially turned against such schooling whenever taxpayers dollars entered into the picture. As Brian Hogan put it, education systems in prison are not the most politically correct thing and that is why the public often gets in the way of the promotion of these education programs in facilities. Speaking to Mr. Hogan potpourri magnitude our knowledge base about the specific programs available in Massachusetts for prisoners, and compared to some of our other experiences we counted ourselves friendly that this interview went so smoothly. This was not the case with some of the other contacts that our group tried to reach out to. After submitting multiple proposals to the Suffolk House of Corrections, in the end our request to visit the prison to speak to the inmates was denied. In another attempt to visit a prison, and if that failed, then to speak to the school prin cipal, we contacted MCI Norfolk good as we had reached out to Souza-Baranowski.Unfortunately, Ms. Diane Wiffin was not the most obliging and went back and forth with our group as if trying to avoid the questions and indisposed to turn over her opinion. When we informed her that the principal of SBCC had given us the description of his education program, she asked to review his answers, and her solution was as follows Hi, Chelsea Veronica M. Madden, Deputy Commissioner of the Classification, Programs and Reentry Division, and I have reviewed your proposal and the questions and responses from Brian Hogan, Principal at Souza Baranowski Correctional Center. Mr. Hogans responses can be employ to MCI Norfolk as in that respect are consistencies in the administration of our education programs throughout our facilities.Deputy Commissioner Madden did want to comment on your question as to why people are refusing to give you information and how to a great extent it is to obtain an inte rview. We dont know who else you have contacted, but as I indicated to you when we spoke, we get an overwhelming number of student projects and we have limited resources to be responsive to those requests. As much as we would like to be available, we unless dont have the resources. In terms of Mr. Hogans response to that question, Deputy Commissioner Madden wonders if Mr. Hogan was referring to potential public reaction to inmates who accede in the Boston University Prison Program, which is donated by BU at no cost to taxpayers. BU also makes several scholarships available to DOC staff. We think the public is supportive of inmates receiving adult basic education, GED and vocational training. Attached is a facsimile of our Program Description Booklet. Education information is contained in that. Also as part of that booklet is a listing of programs and education/vocation training listed by facility.In addition, on www. mass. gov/DOC in that location is research real(a) covering r ecidivism rates. This is should be exactly what you need for your project Diane Wiffin, Director of Public Affairs As her response shows, infinitesimal time is available for the Deputy Commissioner to answer our questions and apparently the program of SBCC can be applied to MCI Norfolk. Our group was well-situated that Mr. Hogan did not mind answering our questions but this reluctant behavior made us wonder why prisons were unwilling to talk to us about their facilities.Before contacting Ms. Wiffin, we had already experienced certain setbacks with the process and we decided to ask Brian Hogan what his opinion was about why so much disinclination existed to speak to a group of Boston college students. He believed the difficulties we experienced were due to their fear of the publics reaction to education in prisons. Many times these prison education programs are not advertised for people and either they do not understand or choose to not understand just what affects it could have o n the community. Mr.Hogan reflected, the taxpayer does not want to spend their money on something considered to be more of a reward, when they should be punished. In addition, he mentioned that this government funding for programs of college education receives much critique because parents have their own children that they are essay to put through college. Consequently, seeing men in prisons able to take advantage of this makes them angry. Overall prisons are very skeptical of peoples intentions and fear that something, like education, that they believe to be good, could be misconstrued by the public.This is especially true because as he puts it, what newspapers and the media portray is often cast out when it comes to crimes and inmates in prisons. From these negative images, people make their own negative assumptions and believe that all prisoners are bad and should not receive any education. As a leave alone, many do not care that this, overall, would be something better for th e community and many take no importance that such education reduces the rate of recidivism. Mr. Hogan also states, that the reality does not make for good reading, and so little things like watch a recently released film to prisoners becomes outrageous for some constituents. These interesting opinions from Mr. Hogan reminded our group of everything that our class had touched upon regarding the image of crime in the media. Sara Beale, in the article we read for class The News Medias Influence on Criminal Justice Policy How Market-Driven News Promotes Punitiveness, (Beale 2006) claims that the media is manipulated to show a negative image of crime in the public and as a result instills a moral panic.In framing, the media emphasizes a certain crime story, idea or feeling, often negative, resulting in the viewers fear in crime and offenders. The more fear they feel, the more the inclination to call for punitive form _or_ system of government and punish the offender. Also, television s hows and news reports are used as entertainment for the public to improve ratings. This means that the entertainment sometimes does not accurately reflect the reality. (Beale 2006) This inaccurate reflection of reality encapsulates how people in the public view education for prisons and how it is portrayed to the masses.For this reason, the prisons are scared their education programs might lose funding and resources, and therefore are reluctant to give away too much information to the public and media. In general, our groups opinion of the SBCCs is favorable and can be considered a good education model. Other information that we have gathered shows that the only programs some prisons actually have depend upon re-entry programs. These re-entry programs tend to lecture to the inmates on the limitations on their behavior, forwards they are released into the community.Oftentimes no real engagement occurs with the prisoners, and if no education exists than these former inmates are more likely to commit crimes again. We believe that the college classes available to the inmates of SBCC are a crucial asset to their program, and other research we conducted suggests that these classes are the most effective in reducing recidivism. Opponents do turf out amongst the public concerning education in prison, but it would be more beneficial if they took into consideration that more education equals less crime and less recurring offenders.Another conclusion we arrived at from our interview is the need for other prisons to utilize these education programs and to make them more available to inmates. With only 200 prisoners out of 1300 allowed to participate in schooling, there are still many who never get the opportunity to learn. If these classes were available to more of the inmate population, then perhaps recidivism could be addressed more thoroughly through these efforts. We also believe that prisons such as MCI Norfolk should improve their programs if the reason for not giving us information is because the program they have is incompetent.If the reason for not talking to us is due to fear of misrepresentation, we think this has to be addressed in a different manner, perhaps through informational pamphlets or some other form of media to get the message out to the public that education in prisons is a good thing. After many trials and tribulations, trying to break through the barriers of prison security that refuses to share the prison education information, we got creative. Pondville Correctional Center is located in the town of Norfolk, Massachusetts. The facility houses 204 inmates total.The majority of the inmates are Level 3, which means that they are minimum-security inmates, while the others are Level 2, meaning that they are pre-release inmates. Our group decided to go to one of the work placements, which was at an auction house near the facility. close to fifteen inmates were present at the auction house, and we had the opportunity to speak directly with all of them during the hour before the auction. This was an incredible and interesting experience, one that none of us had ever had before. It gave us much more appreciation into the prison system and the people inside of it.As mentioned on the Mass. gov website, The primary mission of Pondville Correctional Center is to cling to the publics safety by incarcerating inmates and to provide inmates the opportunity for responsible reintegration and positive behavioral potpourri (Public Safety, 2011). We believe that in order to fully reintegrate someone into companionship, inmates need to be educated and also have vocational training so that they can be a meaningful and productive addition to hostelry once they are out of prison. When looking at the programs offered at all of the prisons, the options seem comely extensive.For example, Pondville requires all inmates to work unless they have a medical waiver and they also give prisoners vocational, educational, and se lf-help opportunities. The facility boasts that their education programs are innovative. They offer classes including Adult Basic Education, English as a Second language, GED tutoring, and a Life Skills Computer program that focuses on resume writing, job applications, job interviews, and personal finance. If we merely looked at the website, we would conclude that the opportunities for inmates are there, they just have to get involved.After speaking with the inmates, we cognise that this was not the case at all. The inside perspective from the inmates, that other prisons had so desperately tried to keep from us, made it clear that, although they have some classes, it is almost unachievable to get into the programs. The reality is that there is open door access to programs at prisons, but it goes by earliest release date and overall there are not nearly enough programs. One man said that there are only about eighteen men per class, but 400 people want to be in that class.Also, beca use it is by earliest release date, many people will be in prison for years until they get the chance to be in the program. How we can we, as a society, expect someone to become completely educated if we only let them into the programs 6 months before they are released? We, as a society, are appalled that people are let out of prison and then go back to their old habits, but this is because they do not know how else to act. They fall back into their own uneducated ways and wind back in prison, but if we do not give them an education, what else should we expect?Another issue with the education offered to prisoners is that most of the teachers do not have high expectations for the inmates. As one inmate stated, if we show up, we pass. We do not have to do anything if we do not want to, but if we merely show up, she will pass us. From experience, our group agreed that it is super hard to try hard and have a strong work ethic when your teacher expects nix from you. A lot of the teache rs at the prisons, as Brian Hogan, principal at Souza Baranowski told us, have been laid off and, therefore, are relocating to prisons.This means that they are real and qualified teachers, but then why are they not expecting the same from the inmates as they did from their previous students? The teachers need to take responsibility for the success of the inmates. They need to have expectations for the prisoners and only pass them if they deserve to pass. Having education classes is a start, but they need to have education classes in which the prisoners actually learn things, and that is not going to happen if they are passed just for showing up.Denying prisoners feeds into a possible action that we discussed this semester while reading The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison. (Reiman, & Leighton, 2010). The Pyrrhic defeat theory states the American criminal rightness system the entire process from law-making to law-enforcing has failed to eliminate the rates of crime that ch aracterize our society and threaten our citizens (Reiman, & Leighton, 2010). We discussed this theory as a group and concluded that the criminal justice system fails to liminate the rates of crime because we are sending inmates back into society the same way (or even worse) than they were when they entered the system. Instead of using the years that they are in the system to educate them and teach them better ways, we are letting them sit around watching Jerry Springer, joining gangs, or fighting each other. By denying prisoners a proper education and then just expecting them to change and not come back to prison is absurd. The ignorance of people believing that prisoners are not empower to an education will just touch to perpetuate the crime cycle.For example, if an offender has served his time and has to face the world again with a lack of academic knowledge on top of an already perceived low morale as they will be judged for being in prison in the first place, it will be a lot easier for them to stray again and end up back in the system. However, with the survey of being educated and having added knowledge, this will hopefully encourage and give inmates the confidence and ability to make something of their lives and also be provided with the idea that they can do other things in life than turn to crime.We need to be smart on crime. We need to educate people so that they have the ability to change once they are released. Once a prisoner gets his GED, so many more doors open up for them and more opportunities arise. Because they already have a strike against them for being in prison, inmates need credentials to get their foot up into the door, and an education will help them with this. While visiting the auction house, we talked directly with a man named gobbler Lyons. tomcat has spent the last twenty years in prison for killing a man. When he entered the system, he was illiterate.After spending some time with gobbler, we learned that a mixture of reli gion and education changed his life. His release date was coming up on April 15th, and he could now read and write due to the education that he received in prison. He studied poetry while in the system and his ducky author is Emily Dickinson. Tom says that having an education made him realize that he wanted to help others, and he wants to go around speaking to groups about his experiences, etc. He also said that without an education, he never would have been able to have the confidence to want to make something of his life once he gets out.While Tom was lucky enough to get an education, he also has missed out on a lot. Over the past twenty years, so much has changed in our society. Cell phones, Internet, and other technological advances have transformed us. However, Tom has never experienced most of these things. He was getting out in 15 days and they were just teaching him how to use a computer. He said that there were always programs that were interesting to him, but he could not get into them until he was really close to getting out.As Tom said, if youre preparing someone to change their entire life, you need to start right as we get in. Not one year before we are getting out. I was lucky and got into an education program earlier, but zillions of people are not. Tom may have learned to read and write, but he is still so far understructure in terms of understanding technology, something crucial to succeeding in todays world. From speaking with Tom, we realized that there is so much that needs to be addressed within the education department within prisons.After speaking with Tom and the other prisoners, we realized that there is an open door access to programs, but this does not mean much because a lot of people cannot get into the programs because eligibility goes by earliest release date. The prisoners gave us some of their main wishes for the education system. These included for people to have higher expectations for them, for there to be more programs and more GED programs, and to have teachers who truly care about their success instead of just showing up to get a pay check.These wishes are all things that we think many would agree with. They are not asking for things that are absurd. They are just asking to be given the chance to get an education, and if we, as a society, want them to stop ending up back in prison, that is exactly what we need to give them a good education and skills to use outside of prison. Although there are solid arguments why it is cheating(prenominal) for prisoners to be getting these perks while being in prison, one must remember the morphological deficits that currently exist in our society.In an perfection world, education in the prison systems would not be a emergency or a topic of discussion. Within an idealistic system, there would be adequate educational programs that created need and encouragement in all youth to work hard and stay on the right path. This correct path would lead students to t he ample jobs awaiting them. There would be no need to resort to criminal activity in order to support oneself or ones family. Anyone who did stray from these available opportunities would have no excuse for their irresponsible behaviors, leaving prison as their option of punishment.However, and this is a big however, because the current structural system is not giving everyone equal opportunities to climb the rungs of the social ladder. Understandable then, many individuals feel detain into a life of crime and force-out as a means to escape the grueling effectuate of an unfair system. This is not an excuse, nor is it justification for the crimes that many people are arrested and imprisoned for. Regardless of the unfair system, acts of violence and criminality should neither be supported nor accepted. Because society does not mirror the ideal that many wish for, there will inevitable be acts that are deemed unlawful.With an unequal system and over two million inmates the question arises, whether as a nation our desire is to rehabilitate these prisoners or just punish them and house them in prison cells for the rest of their lives. There are many sides to every story, and in this case there are those who support educational programs within prisons and there are those who are opposed to it. Some argue against education for those on death row, while others say that no one in prison should be given the opportunity of an education. Knowledge is power, but why should prisoners be given this power?The money that is being spent on prisons should be going to the education of people who are not criminals. Others argue that there is so much money being spent on housing and feeding prisoners already. Why do these prisoners deserve an education when so many children are suffering through poorly funded public school systems? The most popular reason is that people believe their tax dollars are being spent on educating prisoners while many Americans struggle to send their children to college or even good high schools. Also, educating prisoners is seen as a distant reward that benefits them individually rather than benefitting societyUnfortunately Americas individualistic nature creates a shortcoming for their nation. They do not see the benefits of educating prisoners. An educated nation is a better nation. The stance that will be taken is to rehabilitate prisoners and allow them to become working members of society upon their release. Under this perspective, the education system within a prison would not only be necessary but would serve as a vital program to helping prisoners have the slightest chance at emerging into society as effective and productive members.If inmates receive an education before they are released from prison, if they have help through this system to gain a job and work to support themselves, one can only hope that it would reduce the level of crime and reduce the number of prisoners re-entering prisons. This hope is the realit y. Although Studies have clearly shown that participants in prison education, vocation and work programs have recidivism rates 20-60 percent lower than those of non-participants (Granoff, J 2009) many Americans still disagree with the education of prisoners.Despite these negative arguments against educating prisoners, there exist an abundant number of advantages to these programs. After discussing with the Principal and director of the prisons and discussing with the inmates themselves, it is clear that the education system is under a lot of scrutiny by the public. The principle of the Souza-Baranowski maximum-security prison said, People dont understand it. People are struggling to send their kids to college. People are abiding by the laws and doing the right things dont see the benefit of educating those who have broken law.Without information on programs and how they work to benefit society, the general population will remain oblivious to the constructive aspects of these program s. The media affects the way we view society and the programs within it. Media programs stress certain points that highlight what people want to hear, what lobbyists want said and what society deems important at the time. In order for people to realize the extent of the positive impacts of the programs available, we need to hear more success stories like that of Joan.Joan said, I did not realize at the time that I had taken the first step on a journey of lifelong learning. Nor that the process would allow me to accumulate human heavy(p) (qualifications skills and abilities), identity pileus (self-worth) and social capital (a supportive network of friends and colleagues). (Erwin, J) She is just one example of the many positively impacted individuals who were transformed from caterpillars to butterflies with a little encouragement and motivation.As said before, we believe that many of the existing programs in the prison systems aim at positively influencing the prisoners. We unders tand the complexity of the issues at hand and the argument that surrounds this discussion. Although these troubles exist, we came up with what our model program would consist of, and the recommendations that we have concerning the programs that are currently being utilized. Our model program is based on a rehabilitative method. We would want to prisoners to accumulate human capital identity capital and social capital as Joan described.The programs would be mandatory to ensure that all prisoners were getting involved. There would also be incentives to take part in the programs. Of course the prisoners should want to take advantage of these programs without being pushed to do so, however, we recognize that getting the ball rolling will show these prisoners what they are capable of. For many inmates, no one has ever pushed them to capitalize on their true potentials, which leaves them yearning for self-fulfillment in all the awry(p) arenas.Our hope is that once they see their capabil ities, this will push them to continue to work hard and motivate them to move past their criminal behaviors once they are released from prison. It is very important for there to be vocational classes that give the inmates specific skills and talents that will ensure them some job opportunities when they are released from prison. On a higher level, GED classes and college programs need to become common in all prisons instead of being the exception to only a few.We also believe that the number of programs being offered needs to be drastically increased. As the inmate said, there are 400 hundred people who want to be in certain programs but only 18 can be. This disparity is disheartening, as the desire to change exists however the opportunity to do it is lacking. As prison populations grow into the millions, society must decide how tough on crime they are going to continue to be. The individual states have the power to decide the individual educational systems within their prisons.Educ ation, as a result of negativity towards all prisons, has not only become less of a priority but is seen as prisoners being given a free ride. The problem however, is that the current system that offers harsh punishment and little rehabilitation is not working. Harsh punishment does not however mean deliberate cruelty. Prisons should not be a place that purposely creates horrible conditions for inmates. Just having your freedom taken away from you is probably one of the worst things that can happen to an individual. Certainly, no one has the right to injure another person or to take his or er life however, if society does not work at rehabilitating these individuals, then the space of sentences and punitive measures will not only need to be increased but turned up by many notches. The cutting of education budgets within prisons increases the likelihood that upon release these prisoners will only return to prison. People in the general population are already reluctant to hire someon e with a criminal record so adding a lack of education will make it virtually impossible for released prisoners to do anything but go back to their old lifestyles of crime.This will only create a imperishable cycle that will inevitably become hurtful to society as a whole. Of course the ideal education system outside of prison is what we dream of, but until then we support the efforts to protect society by educating those who once harmed it.Work CitedErwin, crowd together. In Prison, Education Is Your Best Route to a Better Life Erwin James Society Guardian. co. uk. Latest News, Comment and Reviews from the Guardian Guardian. co. uk. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. .Granoff, Gillian. Education Update Prison College Programs Unlock the Keys to human Potential. EDUCATION UPDATE APRIL 2011 Education News. 2009. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. . Public safety and security, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (2011). Pondville correctional facility presidential term Printing Office.